Desert Winds And Electrical Energy Essay -- essays research papers

Desert Winds and Electrical EnergyThe energy of the wind can be channeled into other forms of energy besides the energy used as an erosional agent. This is especially true of desert winds. Today, some desert wind is used to make electricity.Wind velocity is affected by form temperature. When air warms and cools, it changes density, which creates air pressure differences that cause wind. In the desert, temperatures may range from 40 F at night to more than 120 F in the daytime. Because of this temperature fluctuation, wind is principally stronger in desert areas. There are many windy areas in California. It is usually windier during the summer months when wind rushes in from cooler areas, like the ocean to commute hot rising air in Californias deserts. In Southern California, the hot air from the desert goes up and out over the semivowel Range, reaching seaward. When it cools off it descends and flows back toward the land and re-enters the desert through such loop holes in the Co ast Range as the San Gorgonio Pass the old Puerta de San Carlos above Indio. The rush of wind through this particular pass is quite violent at times. For wind is very much like water and seeks the least stymie path. Throughout the San Gorgonio Pass there are wind-eroded ledges attesting to the violent winds that pass through it. The San Go...

United States Involvement in Haiti :: essays research papers

We begin our story on December 29th in the year 2000. United States President circular Clinton sends a letter to Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, urging him to restore democracy in his country as he had promised before. Clinton has written statements from Aristide assuring that Haiti will take part in a democratic reform in the interest of human rights. In the letter that Bill Clinton sends, he reminds Aristide of the United States role in his being brought back into power in 1994. Many republicans thought that President Clintons letter was far likewise polite for the situation at hand.Aristide had a lot of promises left to be fulfilled. Domestic and foreign policy reforms were yet to be seen. No members of the opposition could be found in his government. His police force and judiciary remained unprofessional. He failed to cooperate with the United States in a campaign against drug trafficking, as he was to depart the Coast Guard to patrol Haitian waters.Back in Washingt on, Senator Jesse Helms and Representative Porter J. Goss issued a joint statement Narco traffickers, criminals, and other anti-democratic elements who surround Aristide should feel the enough weight of United States law enforcement. It was of the opinion of the Republicans in America that we end all direct support for the Haitian government. With President Clinton out the door concisely in the last few weeks of his term, the Republican Party members were anxious to see the differences the Bush administration would make in this situation.Fast-forwarding to November of 2003, President George W. Bush gave Aristide a warning. He needed to keep his word and begin some move on reforms. His country was crumbling. Not just in the sense that there was a unvoiced division between Aristides government and the opposition leading to violent terrorism throughout Haiti, but more and more of Haitis eight meg citizens were becoming impoverished, going hungry. Not only that, but the land was phy sically crumbling roads were unusable and there was terrible telephone service. There is an indirect descent between Haitian relations and demonstrations against its government. With less support, there are more attacks, and the Bush administration was not about to step in and help Haiti unless Aristide showed us some results. United States ambassador to Haiti James Foley said, If Haiti falls into its historical path of authoritarian government, misrule, and abuse of human rights, its future will be as shady as its past.

A Moral Basis for the Helping Professions Essay -- Employment Careers

Our consideration of moral issues in the service of process professions should go beyond decision-making in particular cases. We get a more basic set of moral attitudes that can provide the context for making these decisions, and which describe the sort of mortal the helping professional needs to be. The helping professional needs to be able to perform a large number of supererogatory actions. We can compare helping professionals to both saints and beneficial parents. The lead of Sarah Ruddick on the virtues that inform maternal practice can be of great help to us here. She characterizes the kind of emotional and moral attitudes that exemplify good mothers as preservative love. The attitudes that make up preservative love-humility, attentive love, holding and humor-share some common ground with the qualities of saints. The helping professional is in an unusual position in the sense that who he/she is has a strong influence on the efficacy of treatment. Morality in the helping pr ofessions needs to take this into account. To be a good helping professional involves a commitment to develop into the right sort of person. The issue of morality in the helping professions is much discussed at present. Most recently, it has aim up in connection with issues involving the abuse of trust in relationships of unequal psychological and emotional power. It is a good thing to raise these issues. From the clergy accused of abusing puppylike people to therapists taking advantage of their positions to sexually or emotionally abuse their clients, actions which were formerly concealed through the vulnerability of the client and the authority of the professional need no longer be kept secret. However, this, along with issues such as involuntary incarceration and the u... ...ehavior are not immediately accessible to the will. To become a person capable of preservative love get hold ofs a strong desire to do so and a willingness to do what is necessary to develop into the sort of person who can manifest preservative love. We cannot become unselfish, humble and attentive in the same way that we can decide to follow a moral rule. We require both education in virtue and transforming self-knowledge.Notes(1) Sarah Ruddick, Maternal Thinking in Mothering Essays in womens liberationist Theory, ed. Joyce Trebilcot ( Rowan and Allanheld, Totowa, New Jersey, 1983) p. 240.(2) Ruddick, op.cit., p.213(3) Ruddick, op.cit., p. 217(4) Ruddick, op.cit., p. 223(5) See Bonnelle Strickling, Self-Abnegation in Feminist Perspectives Philosopohical Essays on Method and Morals, ed. L. Code, S. Mullet and C. Overall (University of Toronto, 1983).

Personal Privacy and Companies Essay -- Essays Papers

Personal Privacy and Companies It is certainly a different world nowadays. You cigarette no longer go on the internet and surf without the potential threat of your privacy being compromised and invaded. When the internet first became big you didnt hear a lot about the issue of privacy and computers. Maybe it was because the public was nave, but that is not the case anymore. This issue is fast becoming the heart of modify debates about how to save your privacy. Privacy is a term that is dfifficult to define, its different to everyone with about a zillion interpretations of the words exact meaning. So lets take the time and gain a better understanding of its meaning. According to the Websters dictionary, privacy is seclusion or isolation from others secrecy. On the come near this doesnt seem like it would pertain to information systems, but think again. Everything we do on the Internet has the risk of being watched or observed. It may be from other companies or scary e nough the government. This issue is fast becoming the number one concern from users of the web. How can these people keep tabs on me? engine room has been a definite blessing, its also has the potential to be dangerous. A good example exists right here on campus. We use our social earnest numbers for virtually everything, from registration to purchasing books at the bookstore. If this number fell into the wrong hands it could prove disastrous to the person of that number. They would then have ripe access to any and all information they chose to use. They could access your banking files, your credit report and credit card numbers. They could ruin your lives in a short period of time. So in this respect privacy means a lot more than just i... ... other from access the customers information without consent. They will be able to choose the level of privacy they wish to have. While some analysts retrieve that they dont see a trend toward software gear the consumer for a t home protection, there is a definite surge toward the protection of clientele information. While most companies make a profit off of their customer information databases by selling them to third party companies, some companies like Earthlink have developed a competitive priority not to sell the information. They feel that the information they have on their customer is a privilege to possess and that the customer trust us by giving Earthlink their loyal business and we do not want to violate that. As technology grows so grows the need for companies to listen to their customers and implement a solid privacy policy that the people can trust.

Write an essay about how Owens poetry describes the plight of the

Write an essay ab forbidden how Owens poetry describes the plight of thesoldiers.In many of Wilfred Owens poems, he describes the suffering and theagony of the common soldier during war, not only on the battlefront,but he also describes the after-effects of war and its cruelty. Owenspoetry is inclined towards and elegiac nature with the function toarouse grief and to bring in remembrance. Owen is usually best whenthe emotion of grief predominates over disgust in his poems and whentribute is paid to the men who died as cattle rather than whencriticism is right off made to the perpetrators of war. Owen refers tohis poems as elegies, but they offer no consolation to the readers,serving instead to warn them of the true nature of war. To create hismoral lesson, Owen recalls certain incidents in which he analysesthe suffering of particular soldiers lacking identity bones withoutnumber.Owen, having been a soldier of high rank, and having had a troop underhis hands often brings out the fee ling of guilt and shame in hispoems the guilt of having led hi...

Write an essay about how Owens poetry describes the plight of the

Write an essay ab emerge how Owens poetry describes the plight of the passs.In many of Wilfred Owens poems, he describes the suffering and theagony of the common soldier during war, not only on the battlefront,but he also describes the after-effects of war and its cruelty. Owenspoetry is inclined towards and elegiac nature with the function toarouse grief and to relieve oneself remembrance. Owen is usually best whenthe emotion of grief predominates over disgust in his poems and whentribute is paid to the men who died as cattle rather than whencriticism is straight off made to the perpetrators of war. Owen refers tohis poems as elegies, but they offer no consolation to the readers,serving instead to warn them of the true nature of war. To create hismoral lesson, Owen recalls certain incidents in which he analysesthe suffering of particular soldiers lacking identity bones withoutnumber.Owen, having been a soldier of high rank, and having had a troop underhis hands often brings out th e feeling of guilt and shame in hispoems the guilt of having led hi...

Disparities in Health Care

Problems of Disparities in Health Care Insurance The United States leads the world in expense on health sustentation. Yet , other countries spending substantially less than the United States have healthier populations. Americas performance is marred by deep inequalities linked to income, health indemnity coverage, race, ethnicity, geography, and critically access to portion out. Employer-based Insurance plans Income The United States is the only wealthy country with no universal health insurance system. Its mix of employer-based private insurance and public coverage has never reached all Americans.All working Americans are categorized based on annual income top-income (earning on fairish $210,100 annually), higher-middle-income (earning an average of $84,800 annually), lower-middle-income earning on average $41,500), and bottom-income (earning an average of $14,800 annually) (Auguste, Laboissiere, & Mendonca, 2009). As the general population knows that those are in the both t op-income category and higher-middle-income category can afford any expenses that are incurred in facilities, doctor visits, ER visits, etc. ithout any hindrance (Auguste et al. , 2009). The lower-middle-income and bottom-income population have much harder time in paying for services because it puts them in a tight budget. Paying for out-of-pocket costs can be detrimental to ones credit and often those patients are sent to collections if they cant pay. As reported in the 2011 study done in Arizona by Herman, Rissi, and Walsh, it also confirmed that individuals who have higher incomes were able to pay for medical expenses without going through monetary hardships. CostIts been reported that immigrants have less access to care due to having no insurance plans and the cost of services when they are sick than the general population innate(p) in the United States (Pandey, 2010). In Herman et al. s study (2011), out-of-pocket medical expenses caused pecuniary hardships and that top-inc ome individuals were able to cover cost of medical services without hardships. It has been made cognize by many employers are making employees be responsible for a portion of health care costs by raising premiums or deductibles (Auguste et al. , 2009).Because of revolt costs of deductibles (out-of-pocket costs) and the rising cost of premiums, employees are opting-out of enrolling into employer-based health insurance plan saying that to get the coinsurance amount, the deductible amount that they have to meet is out of their financial budget (Quinn, 2011). Race/Ethnicity and Environment Evidence of racial and ethnic disparities in health-care is, with few exceptions, remarkably consistent across a range of illnesses and health-care services. These disparities are associated with socioeconomic differences.Its been reported that immigrants are less likely to use the health care system yet alone have no health insurance coverage (Pandey, 2010). Its not only immigrants who have trouble getting care, but different nationalities in the United States population have trouble as well tho to name a few American Indians, Asian Americans, Hispanics, populations that live in rural and urban areas, and the general population ranging from infants to senior citizens (Copeland, 2005). Especially the Hispanic or Latino population were less likely to seek care (Herman, et al. , 2011).African American populations are the most researched when it comes to health care issues. For example, a study was done on racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the United States H1N1 grippe pandemic which reported that Hispanics were at greater risk of exposure, however Blacks were a lot more susceptible in contracting H1N1 (Quinn, 2011). Access to Care Unequal access to health care has clear links to health outcomes. The uninsured are less likely to have regular outpatient care, so they are more likely to be hospitalized for avoidable health problems.The lack of transportation, health insurance, providers, appointment access, and inconvenient location of doctors offices caused many people to have poor health (Copeland, 2005). In 2011, a study in Arizona was performed to see is access to care was an issue among the residents. The study found that people who were uninsured had problems paying bills which prevented the ability to seek care and receive treatment (Herman, et al. , 2011). Individuals with higher incomes were able to seek care as well as ace/ethnicity background were indicators that individuals were less likely to seek care (Herman, et al. , 2011). Conclusion Income level and race/ethnicity in relation to environment, cost of medical services, access to care, play big roles as to why there are disparities in health care insurance. References Auguste, B. G. , Laboissiere, M. , & Mendonca, L. T. (2009). How health care costs add up to income disparity in the United States. Mckinsey Quarterly, (2), 50-51. Copeland, V. (200 5). African Americans Disparities in Health Care Access and Utilization. Health &Social Work, 30(3), 265. Herman, P. E. (2011). Health Insurance Status, Medical Debt, and Their Impact on Access to Care in Arizona. American Journal Of Public Health, 101(8), 1437. doi10. 2105/AJPH. 2010. 300080 Quinn, S. (2011). Racial Disparities in Exposure, Susceptibility, and Access to Health Care in the US H1N1 Influenza Pandemic. American Journal Of Public Health, 101(2), 285. doi10. 2105/AJPH. 2009. 188029 Pandey, S. (2010). Health Insurance Disparities among Immigrants Are Some Legal Immigrants More Vulnerable Than Others?. Health & Social Work, 35(4), 267.

Annotated Bibliography of Mark Twain Essay

Budds classic text, first published in 1962, explores twains political, social, and philosophical views. It studies them in the context of his literary works, letters, and books and probes the authors personal evolution over time. Budd looks at boths views on American politics, capitalism, women, slavery, the Civil War, and imperialism. His thesis is that couplets views were complex and changed over time, but that ultimately he was an old fashioned 19th cytosine liberal who had views that would not easily be accepted in todays world.Though critics will concentrate on the formalized texts, recovering the full shape of twains ideas requires going deeper into the gregarious socialising with many self-confident men and a few feminists. (Budd, 14) This text is reliable beca physical exertion Budd hired couplings have extensive writings and letters to announce his philosophical views. Moreover, Budd was a lifelong historian and critic of pas de deux and edited a two volume colle cted works from the author. I will use this book to discuss Twains perspective on racial issues, anti-imperialism, and American politics and relate them to his novels and short stories.This book is an excellent exploration of Twains changing views. However, it is a relatively challenging read and is best suited for readers already familiar with the authors work and with 19th century history. I would exhort this book to anyone who already has some knowledge of Twains works. Carkeet, David. The Dialects in Huckleberry Finn. American Literature 51. 3 (November 1979) 315-332. Academic Search Complete. TCC Library, fort Worth, TX. October 4, 2012 David Carkeet studies Twains use of dialect and idiomatic speech in theAdventures of Huckleberry Finn.In particular, he probes whether Twain in fact followed the announcement at the root word of the book suggesting that seven dialects and variants of Southern English argon spoken in the text. Carkeets thesis is that Twain does in fact follow to a grand extent his written intention in writing the characters in variant forms of English, including Southwestern, Black, and Missouri Pike County accents. For Carkeet, the dialects of the various characters be best compared to Hucks own speech, which swear outs as the default standard in the story.A detailed examination of Huckleberry Finn shows that there are differences in the way people speak that are likewise systematic to be accidental. (Carkeet, 316) This author is reliable because Carkeet extensively covers the speech patterns in Huckleberry Finn and cites examples directly from the original text. He actually breaks down examples of how different characters say the uniform words and phrases differently. I will use this term to discuss how Twain made use of vernacular English and local speech to immerse readers in the world of Missouri and the South that he grew up with.This article is easy to understand and is an excellent complement to reading Twains book from a fresh perspective. I would recommend this to anyone who wants to learn more about Twain, or get a better understanding of the time. Gribben, Alan. The Importance of Mark Twain. American every quarter 37. 1 (January 1985) 30-49. America History and Life. TCC Library, Ft. Worth, TX. October17, 2012 Alan Gribbens article discusses the reception of Mark Twains writings by opposite authors and by literary critics.It addresses Twains unique position as a temperist and a classic author in the American canon. The authors thesis is that Twain had a unique comic voice in his writings that were flexible and supple enough to still resonate with modern audiences whereas many other writers from the stop consonant now sound dated. Nevertheless, Mark Twains literary stature has suffered, from time to time, because of his predilection for comic forms. (Gribben,31) This source is controlling because Gribben is one of Americas preeminent Twain scholars.He has studied and written for decades abou t the author and has founded a society for the appreciation of Twains writings. This article will serve my discussion of Twains writing style and unique idiom in my essay. Gribbens paper is extremely easy to understand and is articulate. I would recommend this article to anyone that wants a better insight of Twain and the time. As well a better perspective of the time, some of Twains perspectives come as more predilection than racism. Moore, Olin Harris. Mark Twain and Don Quixote. PMLA 37. 2 (June 1922) 324-346. TCC Library, Ft. Worth, TX. October 2, 2012. Moore suggests in this article that Twains writings were deeply influenced by the Spanish author Cervantes. He expresses variability with the then prevalent view that Twain was a purely American writer and instead describes how indebted he was to European literature. What genuine American humor What a true picture of American boyhood Nothing of Europe in Mark Twain Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn are real Americans(Moore,324) The thesis is that Twains novels were shaped by Cervantes classic Don Quixote and that in particular, Tom Sawyer was modeled after the protagonist of the Spanish novel. This source is relatively authoritative because it relies upon Twains own writings, the record of what books he read and when, as well as Cervantes text. However, it may be undermined by more recent cognizance since when it was published in 1922 many of Twains writings and correspondence were not available to scholars.I plan to use this article to discuss different interpretations of Twains major works, especially Huckleberry Finn. The article is useful and easy to read. I would recommend this to anyone that wants gain a better perspective of Twain and his works. By being easy to read this would allow readers to easily understand the work. Powers, Ron. Mark Twain A Life. New York Free Press, 2005. Powers book is an extensive investigation of Twains life examining not just his major novels and short stories, but his thousands of letters, political essays, and newspaper articles.Moreover, by using what he calls interpretive portraiture, Powers probes into the expand of Twains personal life, relationships, and views on issues concerning woman, race, and American politics. The basic thesis of the book is that Twain is indeed worthy of the fame and popularity he has enjoyed among generations of readers. Powers defends Twains writings against his fiercest detractors, many of whom see his novels and stories as roughly and in artfully written or alternatively as racist or misogynistic, and argues that while flawed, they at generation rise to greatness.The authority of the source is that Powers is a long-time journalist, author and historian. He has won the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism and has written extensively before on Twain and other topics such as the Second World War and Civil War. In addition, the authenticity of the source comes from the primary sources, including books and correspondence th at it relies upon. I would use this book to condition out the details of Twains life and situate his writing into the context of events in the late 19th century. The book is an excellent, if voluminous introduction to Twain.It is similarly well written and easy to understand. Railton, Stephen. Mark Twain in his Times. University of Virginia Library. 2012. October 2012. http//twain. lib. virginia. edu/index2. html. Stephen Railton at the University of Virginia has compiled a comprehensive online database of original writings and materials related to Twains works. The website has unpublished drafts of Twains major works, period advertisements, illustrations, sales prospectus, period reviews, and essays addressing topical issues related to the books.There is no thesis per se in this website because it is think ofed to to begin with serve as a collection of primary sources on Twains writings. The authority of this site derives most of all from the primary sources it gathers togethe r, many of which are rare and obscure. In addition, Railton is a professional historian and literary expert on Twain and 19th century American literature. I will use this site to look at Twains writing process as he wrote Huckleberry Finn and other books.I will also study the merchandise techniques Twain used and the critical reception he received at the time, as recorded in reviews on the site. This website is easy to read but jolly difficult to navigate. It is so extensive that it is not entirely user friendly and probably has its layout updated. Tucker, Jeffrey A. Mark Twains Radical Liberalism. Ludvig Von Mises Institute. January 27, 2010. November 2012. Jeffrey Tucker in this online article writes about the much debated nature of Mark Twains political views.Twains politics seem difficult to classify, Tucker observes, only because the political orientation he subscribed to is no longer fashionable. Part of the difficulty of understanding Mark Twains political outlook is due to the terminology and the inclination of politics to corrupt the meaning of everything. (Tucker, 1) Tucker situates Twains anti-slavery, anti-imperialist, anti-government, and pro-capitalist views in terms of 19th century classical liberalism. It is Tuckers thesis that Twain was essentially a liberal of the old, small government and pro market variety.The authority of this source comes from Tuckers study of Twains writings, which are quoted from and cited in the text. In addition, the author is a major scholar of libertarian politics and economics which are relevant to his interpretation of Twains views. I intend to use this online piece to show how Twain could hold points of view that today seem incompatible, such as being anti-war and pro-business. This is a very accessible source and should be of value even for those who disagree with Tuckers libertarian agenda. I would recommend this article to anyone that has a point of view on Twain.

Islamic Civilization in Malaysia

ISLAMIC CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA A Summation Introduction This study covers the often-pressed subject of the role of Islam in the finale of Malayansia and in spite of appearance the everyday lives of its race. Malaysia is predominantly an Moslem country where the majority, i. e. 60%, of the population be Muslims. The other main faiths include Buddhists 19%, Christians 9%, Hindus 6%, and Chinese 4. 5%, with the rest having minor (or being without) religions. While Malaysia has a multi-cultural population, thither is good tolerance between all major faiths, which co-exist in harmony.Background It is most commonly conclude that Islam first arrived in Malaysia with Sultan Muzaffar Shah I of Kedah (twelfth century), the first ruler to be known to convert to Islam after being introduced to it by Indian traders, who themselves were recent converts. During the 12th century AD, when Indian Muslim traders stepped on Malaysian soil, people of Malaysia and Indonesia adopted and a bsorbed the religion peacefully. By the 15th and 16th centuries it was the majority faith of the Malay people.Meanwhile, Malaysia developed politically into its recognized cab bet constituent states, namely Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Kedah, Perak, Perlis, Selangor, Johor and Negeri Sembilan. Initially, the draft Constitution of Malaysia did not specify any official religion for the boilersuit State. However, the rulers of the nine individual states felt that it was appropriate that Islam should be the official religion, collectively across all states of the developing country. The Malaysian states have constitutional monarchs or sultans.These rulers still contain authority over religious affairs of the states. The states of Penang, Malacca, Sarawak and Sabah do not have any sultan, but the king, Yang di-Pertuan Agong, plays the role of head of Islam in each of those states, as tumefy as in each of the live Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya. To this day the doctrinal belief and faith, ethical and moral values of the Malays are based on Islam, which is a major contributor to the colour and cultural landscape of Malaysia.Of course, other religious and cultural elements have been harmoniously integrated into the Malay way of disembodied spirit, to contribute to the overall philosophy of the country, which demonstrates that Malaysia is indeed Islamic but tolerant of other faiths in the upstart age. Accounting for over half the population, the Islamic Malaysians are the countrys largest ethnic group and national language, dating back to its oldest indigenous generation, whom are known as Bumiputera, which translates as sons or princes of the soil. Historically, Malaysian life was centered on the village, or kampong, where one would need not travel far to experience the indigenous cultural aspects of the religion. Of course nowadays this teaching is equally valid in the growing cities and urbanization. Having Islam as the largest pra cticed religion, Malaysia still prides itself as being a multi-confessional country, with over 17 million Muslim advocates.In compare to the ethno-based Chinese and Hindu civilizations, and geo-based Christian civilization, Islamic civilization was the first that could be called universal, in the sense that it comprised people of many several(predicate) races and cultures, on terzetto different continents. The Islamic Civilization was European, having flourished for a long time in Spain and Confederate Italy, on the Russian steppes, and in the Balkan Peninsula. It was self-evidently Asian and similarly Afri after element, so it more than than definitely unique. All the while Islamic civilization is promoted in Malaysia, it is widely elieved that the grea stress success to its uprising is its inherent concept of fairness, understanding and the promotion of human being and constructive relationships between religious and cultural indifferent people, derived from the Quran and the Prophetic system of governance. Till this day, the progression of Islamic faith still prevails amongst its Malaysian citizens. Islamic Influence on Malay Culture The religion itself has not only enlightened its followers, but also has introduced many signifi appriset trans readyations into the Malay civilisation, society, and culture.Islam can be considered to be the prime, and underlying, influence of the outgrowth of Malaysia over the centuries, eventually into the modern day. The population has been united so that all live and prosper peacefully, regardless of origin or ethnic background. That unity has stood the test of time against any racial or ethnic discrimination, but did contribute to the mutual tolerance and understanding, and thereby integration, of various racial and ethnic groups such as Arabs, Persians, Turks, Africans, Indian and South-East Asian, including Malaysia.In Malaysia, the diverse ethnic groups that embrace Islam emphasize the sense of brotherhood and sisterhood, regardless of tribe, creed or language. The caprice is universal across Malaysia, and actively encourages learning and using of individuals through Islamic study while supporting science and technological development for the benefit of the population as a whole. Indeed Islam is not limited to the Malay mainland, but is prevalent throughout northern Sumatra.Also it is predominant in nearby Java, Indonesia, southern Thailand and the southern Philippines, which enjoy good, peaceful relationships with Malaysia. Cultural-Islamic Fusion in Malay Rituals, Practices and Festivals Most Malaysians practice the Islamic rituals of I. Prayer and affirmation of Allah as the One God and Prophet Muhammad as the Messenger of Allah. II. Five obligatory everyday prayers, and the significant Friday prayer. III. Ramadan (fasting for one month). IV. Donation of alms, or zakat and fitrah. V.Pilgrimage to Mecca. The Malay understanding of Islam is based on the Sunni tradition. The most autho ritative taper to the practices of prayer including the various post-prayer rituals, and supplications, is the teaching and writings of Sheikh Daud al-Fattani, entitled Munyat al-Musalli. Thus, the faith is disseminated and practiced throughout the region. Most Malaysians, to an finish that mosques and prayer houses are usually full, comment the Friday congregational prayers, and the Tarawih prayer during Ramadan.Also, people will celebrate auspicious occasions by going to the mosques or musalla early in the morning, then later see their relatives and friends. During the two Eid celebrations, especially the Eidi l-Fitri that is considered to be the day of feasting after a month fasting outcome, people take such(prenominal) pride in proving much food that can be enjoyed by all visitors as they open their doors for open house celebration with family and friends, when even strangers are welcome. Malay ethnimetropolis comprises the majority of the Malaysian population, providing a significant impact to the national culture.Therefore, when there is a celebration celebrated by the Malays, it is usually enjoyed by the entire nation. Consequently, the annual monthly period of Ramadan is a good time for Malaysia, where those local or visiting, can benefit and enjoy from its culture. The annual Eid Il-Fitr period changes every year, in accordance with the Islamic lunar calendar. While such tradition is deeply historical, the younger generation nowadays still appreciates the value of celebrating Eid Il-Fitr.Malaysias commercial and technical development in modern propagation is fast paced, however, all Malaysians, and their guests, can see and be proud that the religious tradition has also developed to provide a fusion of culture and religion that is enlightening and serving modern needs. Islam and Multicultural in History The development and proclamation of Islamic culture has made significant contribution to the development of the worldwide civilization, includi ng sciences, technologies, ethics etc.In modern times, Islamic civilization as such, with its inherent traits, continues to influence scientists and scholars in parallel to their prime disciplines. Islam and its Influence on Local Cultures Islam positively nourishes and enriches the culture of its disciples. It regulates the both national and localized culture, the result of which is that people retain their own culture, regardless of specific geographical origin, yet they easily and happily conform to the Islam way of life.Islam has justified influence on national legislation and laws, providing for development and protection of individuals regardless of gender, while maintaining the Malaysian ethnicity and associated culture. Wherever one looks in Malaysia, there is evidence of Islamic faith and the associated way of life. This is exhibited and ranges from governmental regime to individuals attitudes including personal relationships and interactions and food. Also there is influe nce in business and commerce, e. g. Islamic financing, and to some outcome in architecture.It is fair to say that Islam is a common thread throughout Malaysian existence and identity. Islamic Art in Malaysia Islamic art can be traced back to as long ago as the seventh century in the Middle East. Aspects of Islamic art forms can be seen in metal-works, fabric, pottery, canvas oils and paints, through to its impressive writing style or calligraphy. Use of color and detail presents a picture that not only looks attractive, but also makes one think and inquire deeper. Throughout the ages the Sultans, allowing them to be used in the architecture or buildings of that period, encouraged these art forms.Islamic art can also be found in decoration and furnishings, which serve to reinforce educational and spiritual purposes. Many of the finest examples of Islamic Art can be seen in Malaysia, through its architecture and picturesque skyline scattered with decorative domes. Here, Islamic art is a part of everyday life. Islamic art is essentially an art form that has survived the test of time through its continuous updating and evolution. It is used as a tool for increasing tourism, and an appreciation of Islamic conservatism, as most of the tourist sites are highly embellished with forms of Islamic art.Whichever form of Islamic Art one is exposed to, it should be borne in mind that each piece shows a celebration of daily life. It opens the doorway to true beauty and a way to discover the rich history and culture. The experience of Islamic Art leaves its brilliant use of color, design and form engraved in the beholders mind. There are a variety of Malay Islamic Performing arts practices in Malaysia. Many a time, these Malay Islamic Performing arts spread sparsely to even the Confederate Thai. This is due to the fact that Malays are the most dominant ethnic group in Southern Thailand.Below are some types of Traditional Malay Performing Arts, which can be categorized as I slamic, namely Nasyid pic Hadrah pic Dikir Laba pic Dikir Barat pic Berzanji/ Marhaban pic Rebana Kercing pic Islam and Education Over the years, a noteworthy derive of Islamic religious schools have risen in Malaysia. The institutes which exist not only in the rural areas of the country but in the heart of the city too, teach Muslim students specifically subjects related to Islam, ranging from topics such as the Arabic language, Islamic History and Culture as well as Fiqh.Although it is not deemed inevitable for students to attend such schools, the state Johor has made it mandatory for all Muslim children aged six to twelve to attend the schools. Being a fundamental part of the Malay-Muslim community, Islamic schools have played an outsized role in the primary education even long before Malaysia sought out its independence. Before the British initiated mass education, traditional Islamic schools, or Pondok, were the only system of edifying the citizens of Malaysia. Islamic Movement Tajdid and Islah Islam is a way of life, and it is not merely a religion.Islam is viewed from three dimensions, which are Islam, Iman and Ihsan. Islam consists of five pillars, and it is mandatory that every Muslim must comply to The witness, Syahadah, which there is no god except Allah, and Muhammad is the last Messenger of Allah. Praying five times a day. Donation of Zakat. Fasting during Ramadan. If able to, then to performing Hajj. Secondly, a Muslim will progress to the second stage of Islam that is called an Imam, which means of affirming to The existence of Allah His angels His books His messengers The go bad Day (Qiyamat) Affirming the good and bad (Qada and Qadar) Meanwhile, Ihsan is to worship God as though you see Him, and if you cannot see Him, then indeed He sees you. Conclusion In this summation, the ancestries and development of the Islamic civilization has been examined both the religion and the community. It is evident that the teachings of t he religion have enabled the Malays to unify and expand across the country in an astonishingly brief period. It can be seen that the Islamic faith is not only a religion but also a way of life for the population of Malaysia, providing spiritual fulfillment and a real sense of purpose.It is prevalent across the whole of society who embraces the faith openly and enjoys its benefits openly. Without Islam, modern day Malaysia would not exist in its current form and considering how well Malaysia has developed and prospered, it maintains the sense of decorum, fairness and largely benefit from the faith that the country strives upon each day. To many believers, Islam has led the Malaysians in authority, stability and extent of government, in enhancement of manners, knowledge and philosophy. ReferencesThe Role of Islamic Civilization in Fostering Inter-religious Understanding, online, retrieved 8 November 2012, from http//www. ikim. gov. my/v5/index. php? lg=1&opt=com_article&grp=3&sec=&ke y=1067&cmd=resetall ranch of Islam, online, retrieved 8 November 2012, from http//www. cyberistan. org/islamic/mmalay. htm The Coming of Islam, online, retrieved 9 November 2012, from http//www. sabrizain. org/malaya/islam. htm Strengthening Islamic cultural heritage of the Malays in Malaysia in the post global society, online, retrieved 9 November 2012, http//umkeprints. umk. edu. my/586/

Food industry Essay

prevail is the most important element of human survival. nutrition contains essential nutrients the human body requires to intake. From vitamins to calories, just a few of the nutrients that baffle a body function. Without nourishment there is no survival however, the way aliment is played in America today, Ameri evicts might as well be dead. Furthermore, gangrenous products flood Americas food supply. A vast majority of these products are gamely processed foods. Highly processes foods are extremely severe to ones health (Squires).Process foods cause severe harm to the human body and furthermore lead to illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, and risque cholesterol. (Squires). The way feed is manufactured in America today causes numerous of illness and sometimes finish. Therefore, the United States nutrient and Drug governance must strictly put the food industry to efficiently maintain the safety of food. There are three vital motives why the Food and Drug face must re gulate the process of food. First, without stricter regulation, the quality of the livestock industry result steeply decline.Second, if not regulated, the blue usage of high laevulose corn whiskey whiskey sirup will continue to increase. Lastly, if the Food and Drug disposal does not regulate the process of food, the creation of genetically special food will continue to occur. In all, the Food and Drug Administration must strictly regulate the livestock industry to preserve health of America. The United States Food and Drug Administration must rigorously regulate sentient being factories to effectively maintain the safety of meat. The Food and Drug Administration cannot allow animal factories to deliberately contaminant the food supply.By allowing existing methods to continue, it puts all refiners at great risk. Currently, animal factories utilize disgusting methods to minimize cost and maximize profit (They Eat What). These horrific methods consist of purposely distorting the nature of animal break away (They Eat What). The Union of bear on Scientists published an article They Eat What? where they expose the animal factories of their horrific acts. The Union of Concerned Scientists state, Many of the ingredients used in feed these days are not the kind of food the animals are designed by nature to eat(They Eat What).This establishes that factories do what ever they desire cut the smutty effects it can impose on animals let alone on human heath. Animals by nature are not supposed to consume the remains of the same species however, factories continue to do so, as it maximizes profit by utilizing all parts on an animal (They Eat What). Diseased animals, same species meat, skin, blood, manure, and unhealthy portions of grain are all dots consisting in animal feed (They Eat What). Furthering the argument, the Union of Concerned Scientists added.Animal feed legally can contain rendered track kill, dead horses, and euthanized cats and dogs (They Eat What). This low standard production of animal feed is simply repulsive. If the Food and Drug Administration do not enforce stricter regulations on the animal factories, unless fatal side effects will follow. Serious human health concerns will steeply arise if this unacceptable method to evoke livestock continues. The outburst of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy also known as mad alarm illness is a great example. Mad cow disease is a transmissible form of brain damage that occurs when rendered cattle are fed back to cattle.(They Eat What). This disease is extremely dangerous as it can be spread to humans. Humans can obtain a form of mad cow disease by consume meat products that carry the disease (They Eat What). The Food and Drug Administration have taken steps in banning any methods that lead to mad cow disease. However, their lack of lastingness has created of loophole in the system and animal factories are taking full advantage. The Union of Concerned Scientists presented m anifest exposing the loophole in the Food and Drug Administration regulations.The Union of Concerned Scientists assert, Under current law, pigs, chickens, and turkeys that have been fed rendered cattle can be rendered and fed back to cattlea loophole that may allow mad cow agents to infect healthy cattle (They Eat What). This is unacceptable. The Food and Drug Administration inherent purpose is to regulate any methods that cause harm to human beings, to that extent the fail to do so. It is unjust for the Food and Drug Administration to purposely allow the livestock industry to taint the production of meat.Therefore, if the Food and Drug Administration do not enforce stricter regulations the safety of livestock will only decline at extreme rates. However, there are other motives why the Food and Drug Administration must regulate the process of food. The United States Food and Drug Administration must rigorously regulate the amount of high fructose corn syrup used in food products, as it unsafe to consume. High fructose corn syrup is a cheaper form of sweetener derived from corn (Stossel). High fructose corn syrup is the ubiquitous sweetener in American products, as it is extremely inexpensive to produce (Stossel).Furthermore, the excessive usage of high fructose corn syrup has become the greatest contributor to the epidemic of cardiovascular disease (Flavin). Cardiovascular disease is the primary reason for premature goal in America (Flavin). Cardiovascular diseases consist of obesity, diabetes, heart and kidney disease (Flavin). In modern America, the consumption of high fructose corn syrup has drastically increased. sortie Squires, a writer for the Washington Post wrote an article Stealth Calories where she exposed the high usage of high fructose corn syrup. Squires reveals, Since the introduction of high-fructose corn syrup in 1966, U.S. consumption has reached about 60 pounds per person per year. (Squires). This is ridiculous. Consuming such immense mas ses of high fructose corn syrup severely contributes to fatal diseases. No matter what processed food item an individual decides to eat, the common ingredient is high fructose corn syrup (Squires). High fructose corn syrup has flooded the food industry and continues to grow. The United States Food and Drug Administration must step in and regulate the amount of high fructose corn syrup a society applies to its products. If regulations are not enforced, the doses of high fructose corn syrup will continue to increase.Barry M. Popkin, a nutrition prof for The University of North Carolina, has published an article in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition that widely display the dangers of sugar-sweetened drinks. Popkin states, The increase in consumption of HFCS has a laic relation to the epidemic of obesity, and the overconsumption of HFCS in calorically sweetened beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity(Qtd. in Hyman). Thus, it can be realized that consuming large a mounts of high fructose corn syrup does indeed lead to obesity. High fructose corn syrup is absorbed quicker than fixedness sugar.As a issuing, high fructose corn syrup prevents the body from signalizing that it is full and thus leads to (Hyman). Therefore, by exceeding the standard caloric intake, symptoms of obesity cursorily arise. Hence, it is evident that The United States Food and Drug Administration must strictly control the amount of high fructose corn syrup a company applies to its products. However, there are other important reasons why the Food and Drug Administration must regulate the food industry. The United States Food and Drug Administration must rigorously regulate genetically modified foods because they are unsafe.Genetically modified foods are engineered foods that have been deeply depraved as a result of genetic alteration (Heit). Furthermore, genetic alterations consist of extracting genes from other plants or animals and inserting them in the chosen product t o produce desired traits (Heit). However, this method has severely tainted the good health of food. A vast number of studies have linked genetically modified foods in an extensive variety of health problems, ranging from organ damage to immune disfunction (Gutierrez). Not only are genetically modified foods harmful to animals, they can also be harmful to humans.David Gutierrez a staff writer for the Natural intelligence operation wrote an article Doctors Warn About Dangers of Genetically Modified Food where he exposed the fatal flaws of genetically modified foods. Gutierrez states, Animals consuming crops that have been genetically modified to produce the pesticide Bt (approved for human consumption in the United States) have died by the thousands, while animals grazing on a non-GM version of the same crops remained unharmed(Gutierrez). This evidence is overwhelming. If genetically modified foods are fatal to animals, one can affirm that this harm will carry over to human beings.A nimals are dying at exponential rates as a result of consuming genetically modified foods yet the United States continues to allow these methods of production to occur. By allowing the production of genetically modified foods, the fatality rates of animals and humans will continue to escalate. Hence, it can be established that consuming these genetically modified products drastically increases the probability of growing a fatal disease. Therefore, the United States cannot allow these food production methods to continue.In addition, scientific experiments have shown numerous rats suffer as a result of consuming genetically modified foods (Gutierrez). Through extensive observations, it has been revealed that female rats that have been fed genetically modified foods experience a drastically higher infant death rate (Gutierrez). Likewise, male rats suffer as there testicles change from a pink to a blue color (Gutierrez). As long as the food supply is produced by means of genetic modifi cation, food will continue to mutate genes in a destructive ways. Therefore, it is evident that genetically modified foods will severely harm humans.Similarly, additional analyses have indicated that genetically modified foods contain significantly higher concentrations of allergens and toxins (Gutierrez). As a result of genetic mixing, the allergens and toxins of one item are transferred to the other (Smith). Hence, by consuming genetically modified foods, unknown allergic reactions can occur (Smith). In recent research, scientists have found high dosage of peanut protein in soybeans (Smith). Consequently, an individual who is allergic to peanuts can have an allergic reaction by consuming soybeans (Smith).This is absurd. Consumers are blindly digesting products that may be deadly to their health. It is unjust for consumers to endure an allergic reaction as a result of genetic mutation. Therefore, the United States Food and Drug Administration must regulate genetically modified prod ucts to preserve the health of consumers. In all, the safety of all food in America is in a crucial situation. The United States Food and Drug Administration must rigorously regulate factories, scientists and other food manufactories to preserve the health of American consumers.If not regulated, the safety of livestock and crops will only steeply decline and thus affecting the health of human beings. The diseases of mad cow disease, fatal allergies caused by genetically modified crops, and high usage of high fructose corn syrup are the greatest concerns for the Food and Drug Administration. Therefore it is evident that the United States Food and Drug Administration must rigorously regulate the food industry to efficiently maintain the safety of food. Works Cited Dana Flavin. Metabolic Danger of High- laevulose Corn Syrup. Life Extension Magazine. Life Extension. Dec 2008. Web. 1 June 2013. David Gutierrez. Doctors Warn About Dangers Of Genetically Modified Food. Natural News. Truth Publishing International. 25 Feb 2010. Web. 28 may 2013. Jeffery Heit. Genetically Engineered Foods. Medline Plus. N. p. 7 May 2012. Web. 28 May 2013. Jeremy Smith. Genetically Engineered Foods May Cause Rising Food Allergies. found for Responsible Technology. N. p. May 2007. 30 May 2013. Mark Hyman. The Not-So-Sweet Trust About High Fructose Corn Syrup. Huffington Healthy Living. The Huffington post. 16 May 2011. Web. 29 June 2013. Richard Stossel. The Dangers of High Fructose Corn Syrup. Natural News. Truth Publishing International. 11 Oct 2008. Web. 28 May 2013. sallying forth Squires. Stealth Calories. The Washington Post.The Washington Post Company. 6 Feb 2007. Web. 1 June 2013. They Eat What. Union of Concered Scientists. SIRS Issues Researcher. 8 Aug 2006. Web. 27 May 2013. 65 Health Risks of GM Foods. Institute for Responsible Technology. N. p. N. d. Web. 1 June 2013.

Why are Geographers interested in Marston Vale?

Marston valley lies upon the Oxford clay, between Bedford and Milton Keynes in UK. The soils in this argona ar very fertile.Because the majority of English houses are built in bricks, and the military position of Marston valley is also near London, many brickwork industries were set in this area all over last hundred years. Most of the clay extracted here is sent to London to build houses. Today, the extraction of clay and the brick making is still busy, and the Stewartby brickwork industry is one of the biggest industries ask in Marston Vale.Millions of tonnes of clay are extracted from the clay pit everyday, then the clays are transported by conveyor belt to the brickwork, where the clays are drained, moulded and then fired in kilns to make the red bricks that are used to build houses.After all the clay that is valuable to mine has been extracted, huge holes are left on the ground. The topsoil has been remote from the ground during clay extraction, and so no plants will be able to grow in such areas. The area turn to worse if there is rain, the consentaneous area will turn muddy and dirty.A chain of pits stretches along the A421 from Bedford to the M1 near Milton Keynes. This was one of the worst areas of rural derelict land and damaged Ecosystem.The noise, pollution, work and bad view that has been produced by the extraction pit and brick making factory affect topical anaesthetic residents badly.What bottom of the inning be do to improve the situation?In 1989, 12 National connection Forest project were launched. These Forest will cover 470,000 hectares , which take over 3.6% of all land area in England and Wales, well equal to half the total land area used by the National Parks. The Community Forests is a national programme of improving the surround, which affects half of the community in England. Improving the countryside around towns and cities by planting woodland is the main aim of the Community Forests, especially in the areas of the d erelict land. This will improve the environment and benefits the local people.In theory, the land must be made to contribute the local communities, e.g. Creating jobs, Creating farmlands, Creating an attractive environment, Creating a variety of different beautifys, Creating sports facilities, Creating settlements.The Marston Vale Community Forests.Marston Community forests is one of12 National community forests projects which introduced in 1989. The Marston vale community forests cover a total area which more than 150km. About 25,000 people are lifetime inside the forest area, about 145,000 people are animation on the edge of the area, most of them are in Bedford and Kempston, about 500,000 people are living within 20 minutes drive. (These figures are from GeoActive)In order to succeed in this project, local people should put efforts in planning, planting and projecting after the timber that are planted. The past experience has shown us that most environmental management, whic h involved local people, are more likely to succeed.Local people are back up by the Forest team to grow their own seeds in Marston Vale Community Forest project. The results of that are small woodland have begun to grow in their villages.Forest team also need to encourage landowners to allow their land to be planted with trees and organise seed collection and planting days. (This information is from GeoActive.) From this act, we receive that the Marston Vale Community Forest project does not just involve the restoration of the clay extraction pits, but also allows local people to give birth in. It encourages people to plant trees, to protect the woodland created, to take a part in the development of the forest. The most important thing is people will come what they have planted, in order to love the whole nature.The restoration of the clay extraction pits in Maston Vale community Forest.There are three assertable ways to restore the clay extraction pit1) The main restoration fo r the clay extraction pits is by changing them to an artificial forest. The way of doing so is to crack 3-4 metres of topsoil over the top. Then trees may be able to be planted in. The local people are involved in the development of the Marston Vale community forest. The plan is for local people to plant 100 ha of woodland each year and 5 Km of hedgerow each year. Farmers can apply for grants from the Forestry Commission for planting woodland.2) The huge hole left on the ground can also be turned into an artificial lake by burbly water into the pit, or just leave them until the rain season comes. Separate clay extraction holes may be joined together by jibe out the soil between them. The Stewarby Lake is an example of this restoration.3) Theres also another restoration, which is making it into a landfill site. I personally think this is a fantastic restoration, because this is also a bumble solution. Million tonnes of waste can be buried in the clay extraction every day. This sol ved the crisis of waste in London. After the waste is filled in, plants can also be planted on top. After a long time, a chemical reaction will be feel when the waste decays and the methane gas is produced in this process. We went to an L-field landfill site, which is run by Shanks company more information on landfill site will be in the back.*Questions On my coursework.1) How brickwork, clay extraction and landfill sites effects local people s life2) Whats local peoples knowledge on Marston Vale Community Forest Project?3) How successful is the Marston Vale community forest project? Both in attempting to solve the problems of pits left on ground after the clay extraction, and to create the better environment for local people.These are three questions that I set through my coursework. The answers for these questions will be in the end of my coursework in details.For first data collecting, the school organised a day fieldtrip to the Marston Vale area. On the day of the fieldtrip, we visited the following places*Community forest centre, the artificial forest that has been restored from pits.*Stewartby lake, an artificial lake in the forest, also a different landscape created from clay extraction pit.*The Quest pit, one of the present clay extractions pits run by Hanson Company.*Wootton village for the questionnaire, to ask a few questions on how the brickwork and the landfill site affects local residents.*Randalls Farm, to do some water tests on the Elstow Brook River located there.*Landfill, to see what is the landfill site is like.Issues in the Maston Vale to look at.A Geographer will particularly look at the environmental issues in this area, such as how clay extraction damages the areas Ecosystem, how this affects local people, and what can be done to solve the problems, and finally are these attempts successful or not, and what can be improved?To answer all these doubts, I will first introduce the area to the readers, give them the exact location of the Ma rston Vale area and what transportation is available to get there.To let readers understand more about my coursework, especially on the day we went to the Marston Vale. Ill explain clearly what weve done on the fieldtrip where we did them why we did them and what are the data can tell us.

Code of Ethics Comparison

Comparison of ethical motive Codes Church Focused or Self Focused Diana Calhoun Liberty University Abstract The Ameri raft Association of Christian Counselors (AACC) and the Ameri basis Counseling Association (ACA) have both established a code of ethics to assist and protect their members in serving and protecting their lymph nodes. While in that location are many differences amidst the two ethics codes, there are as well as many similarities. The first part of this essay will discuss the prevalent differences in ethics codes adhered to from the AACC and the ACA.The second part of this essay will discuss the differences amongst the two organizations codes of ethics in subjects of conflict of interest in fees, intimate intimacies, and discrimination. In conclusion clarification on how the similarities between the two codes are the AACCs attempt to non adopt areas in which the ACAs practice is non glorifying to Christ and how His church should respond in such subject matters. C omparison of Ethics Codes Church Focused or Self FocusedThe ultimate end between the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC) and the American Counseling Association (ACA) is different in their code of ethics pursuit. In the ACA Code of Ethics the main goal of the associations members are to recognize diversity, and embrace a cross-cultural approach in support of the worth dignity, potential and uniqueness of people at heart their social and cultural contexts (2005, p. 3).The AACC Code of Ethics primary goal is to arrive honor to Jesus Christ and his church, promote excellence in Christian hash out, and bring unity to Christian proponents (2004, p. 3). Even though these goals are vastly different, in enact for the AACC to accomplish its goal of honoring Christ and the church it also wants to lovingly detect Gods creation while instruction people. With that in mind the AACC Code of Ethics consulted the American Counseling Association in extension to other ethics c odes in the drafting of its statement (2004, p. ). This creates many similarities and differences between the two codes. The similarities are revealed as the AACC retained estimable stances from the ACA that supported the AACCs goal, not contradict it. The practices on how these two different goals are achieved by both organizations will be reviewed a coarse with its affects on honourable views. Section I usual Comparison of the Two Codes Both the AACC and ACA have a similar general goal to do no harm to the customer, and that all their actions should be consistent with that counseling goal.There are many sub goals and protocols to assist the counsellor in abiding to this counseling goal. Sub goals consist of regards to privacy, appropriate counselor-client relationship guidelines, counseling plans, training and resolutions of ethical issues. However the difference between the AACC and ACA is the perspective or definition of what each group considers being no harm to the client . The ACA code of ethics appears to be juristic guidelines in counseling clients to learn to look inward and make decisions in life on their own based on the clients chaste values.This can include to any degree the clients view on sex, drugs, money, power or any pleasure deriving device to get out the client with immediate satisfaction. As utter in Competent Christian Counseling this however can be a numbing agent providing fiddling bourne relief when one desires to find purpose for their life. This short term relief can execute to long term sorrow. Being entrapped in long term sorrow is not classified as a no harm counseling goal for any client (Clinton, & Ohlschlager, 2002, p. 26).The AACC Code of Ethics goes beyond just legal guidelines in their dedication to Jesus Christ as their first love, to excellence in client service, to ethical integrity in practice, and to respect for everyone encountered (2004, p. 5). According to Competent Christian Counseling, Christian counsel ors not wholly want to help foster growth for a healthy lifestyle but also to assist clients in a more fulfilling life that will sustain, to show clients relief that lasts, purpose that remains, and direction that leads to a hope-filled future.The sufferers who flee into the arms of God can discover this relief (Clinton, & Ohlschlager, 2002, p. 26). This is ultimately the no harm perspective and goal long term no harm and not just short term relief no harm. The AACC Code of Ethics also strives that even in having this ultimate goal they also honor the clients picking in spiritual interventions in counseling, verifying that the clients goals are the counselors goals and that the counselor is respecting the clients counseling goals (2004, p. 11, 1-330).This balance is shown by the counselor not condoning abortions, adultery, abuse, addictions, and divorce yet the counselor will not discriminate against a client whose beliefs and values are not the same. The Christian counselor is s purred on to use the counseling sessions as Jesus did when he ate and fellowshipped with sinners (Matthew 910 NLT). The only similarity with the ACA Code of Ethics is the stance to revoke imposing values that are inconsistent with counseling goals. (2002, p. 4, A. 4) Section II Specific Comparison of Three Particular AreasFees Fees for services rendered should be clearly stated to the client. Both code of ethics for the ACA and the AACC contain guidelines for possible options for how fees can be rendered. The profound difference between the two is the lack of provision by the ACA for when bills are not sufficient from the client to cover the cost. In their code of ethics, the ACA (2002) makes an optional provision through bartering in section A. 10. d as an only alternative before referring clients to affordable comparable services as stated in section A. 10. c (p. 6).In addition to bartering, in their code of ethics, the AACC (2004) goes on to instigate a sliding fee scale or ev en pro bono work as stated in sections 1-513 and 1-512 in order to meet the client where they are financially (p. 13). These solutions can be temporary or permanent for the clients financial situation. These are additional ways that the AACC suggest for ethical compensation. They are also great ways to go beyond the basic legal criteria as stated in the ACA code of ethics in order to make assistance available for clients to obtain counseling.These techniques are also supportive of the counselors goal of not abandoning the client. Sexual Intimacies Sexual intimacies are the diligence of pre-marital or extramarital sexual behavior in a clients life. Both the AACC and the ACA share the ethical guideline of not imposing the counselors values and beliefs on the client. However the AACC and the ACAs similarities stop at that point. In their code of ethics the ACA (2002) states in section A. 4 that counselors are to countermand imposing their own values and are to respect the diversity o f their clients (p. -5). The AACC (2004) states in their code of ethics in section 1-125 that counselors will refuse to condone or advocate the pursuit or active involvement in sexual behavior outside of marriage (p. 7). There is a clear distinction between the two ethical codes on this matter. Christian counselors will not abandon a client by discriminating against a client even when the clients beliefs and values are different. A counselor is not to impose their own beliefs and values on a client but the counselor can review a clients motives that may fuel their actions.Discrimination Discrimination is when someone is treated differently from others, due to involvement in a current group. Specific groups receiving differential treatment can be identified by age, gender, race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, education, sexual orientation, sexual behavior, denomination, belief system, values, or political affiliation. Both the ACA Code of Ethics and the AACC Codes of Ethics conta in guidelines for on discrimination, and neither will tolerate discrimination.In their code of ethics the ACA (2002) states that counselors do not discriminate in a manner that has a negative impact on a person (p. 10, C. 5). In the AACC Codes of Ethics states that not only would they not treat persons in a libelous manner, but that they will challenge harmful attitudes and actions while express a loving care and ultimately loving one well when pushing them foregoing (2004, P. 6, 1-101). These harmful attitudes and actions will not exclude discriminatory topics of sexual behavior, belief systems, values or others but will be lovingly examined to what may fuel the actions in these areas.Conclusion The distinctions between the two ethical codes from the AACC and the ACA do not exclude the Christian counselor from treating clients with situations that differ from the counselors individualized values. Since Christian counselors are not to condone and advocate actions that do not brin g honor to Jesus Christ and his church, they are challenged with fitting their counseling models to people, rather than fitting people to counseling models as stated by Clinton & Ohlschlager in their book, Competent Christian Counseling (2002, p. 6). These counseling models may include some unique methods such as a willingness to confront people with an attitude of love and to challenge them to correct erroneous beliefs about the world. Research has shown these techniques to be most beneficial and potent (Clinton & Ohlschager, 2002, p. 43). These techniques can lead a client to a more fulfilling life that will sustain, as the Christian counselor honors Jesus Christ by handling his creation, the client, in the shell way possible.Excluding Christian counselors from working with clients whose lifestyles are different from the counselors individualized values, gives the client the only option to find counselors that hold the same personal values and belief perspectives as the client. Counseling for the client will then be concentrate on themselves and the pursuit of their happiness. The AACC encourages Christian counselors not to let financial, personal value differences, or discrimination to interfere the main goal of the Christian counselor to honor Jesus Christ and the church in the pursuit of the church doctrine call through counseling.The ACA encourages the counselor to keep all personal values out of the counseling environment in order to push the client forward in their own personal pursuit of happiness as long as it is legal and supportive of their counseling goals. This illustrates differences in church and self focused ethics. References American Counseling Association. (2005). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from http//www. counseling. org/resources/codeofethics/TP/home/ct2. aspx. American Association of Christian Counselors. (2004). AACC Code of Ethics. Retrieved from http//www. aacc. net/about-us/code-of-ethics/.Clinton, T. & Ohlschlager, G. (2002). Christian counseling and compassionate soul care The topic for twenty-first-century practice. In T. Clinton & G. Ohlschlager (Eds. ). Competent Christian counseling Foundations and practice of compassionate soul care. (pp. 11-34), Colorado Springs, CO Waterbrook Press. Clinton, T. & Ohlschlager, G. (2002). Competent Christian counseling Definitions and dynamics. In T. Clinton & G. Ohlschlager (Eds. ). Competent Christian counseling Foundations and practice of compassionate soul care. (pp. 36-68), Colorado Springs, CO Waterbrook Press.

Sarbanes Oxley

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Contents Overview3 Enron3 Sarbanes-Oxley Act3 11 Titles4 major(ip) Sections of SOX5 Section 3025 Section 4046 Section 4096 Section 9027 Section 9067 After SOX What has Sarbanes-Oxley Accomplished & Issues that Remain7 Conclusion8 Overview The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed into impartiality in 2002 by President Bush. Sarbanes- Oxley came to be beca enforce of corporate level accounting scandals that had past, recently occurred. The just about commons of these scandals include Adelphia, Enron, Peregrine Systems, Tyco and, WorldCom. This act introduced major compounds to the regulation of monetary practice and corporate g overnance. Enron The Enron Scandal is wiz of many that prompted the obvious charter for reform of accounting practices. It began in November 1997 when the company bought stake in other company to create a sub company of Enron. The b are-assed company, Chewco, was authorize by an Enron officer who enabled Enron to run a series of transact ions through Chewco and ultimately, funnel debt from one company to another, even though they were two Enron. By 2001 CEO Jeffery Skilling resigns, becoming the sixth higher(prenominal)-ranking executive to leave in a year. In October, Arthur Andersens legal counsel advised auditors of Enron to destroy all but the most basic documents2. So, the parcel out up began. Arthur Andersen was once amongst the Big 5 accounting firms and the provided tax, audit and consulting services to corporations ilk Enron. Their reputation plummeted by and by they were admittedly aware of possible illegal acts committed by Enron and ultimately, Arthur Anderson was dissolved. Sarbanes-Oxley Act Enron and other scandals cost investors billions of dollars. bourgeon prices were at all time lows and the people were beginning to lose faith in corporate leaders. Something had to be done to fasten faith and tighten standards.Sarbanes-Oxley was named after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley. Oxley introduced the act to the House of Representatives employment it the incarnate and Auditing Accountability, Responsibility, and Transparency Act of 2002 on February 14, 2002. With minor changes to the name at the Act itself occurring over the couplet of a few months, Sarbanes-Oxley was officially signed into law on July 30, 2002 by President George W. Bush. Bush called the statute the most far-reaching reforms of American business practices since the time of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.The era of low standards and false profits is over no boardroom in America is above or beyond the law. The turnaround of this act was very quick. It was obvious that just aboutthing needed to be done and it needed to occur quickly. 11 Titles Sarbanes-Oxley is comprised of 11 Titles, each with subsidiary sections. The eleven form of addresss each focus on one main topic and the changes that are implemented by Sarbanes-Oxley at a lower place their heading. The names of the titles are as follows 1. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) this section establishes and provides the need for independent auditors.So now, a corporation could not solely publish audits that were conducted privilegedly. 2. Auditor Independence establishes the standards that need to be followed when conducting an external audit in order to eliminate conflicts of amuse. 3. Corporate Responsibility Title 3 states that senior executives mustiness take individual responsibility for the lawfulness and correctness of their financial records. The hope here is that higher up executives pass on not turn the other way when fraudulent activity occurs for fear that they could be prosecuted on a personal level. . Enhanced Financial Disclosures In this title, the new coverage requirements are position out for corporations. The new requirements are much more thorough and leave little room for difference out relevant information. 5. Analyst Conflicts of Interest This is the shortest title of them all and aims to help restore investor confidence. It requires any conflicts of interest to be disclosed. 6. Commission Resources and Authority The goal of this section is to try and restore confidence in securities analysts and states the drys power to bar analysts from practice. 7.Studies and Reports The Comptroller General and the SEC are required to conduct studies and then report their conclusions and findings. 8. Corporate and Criminal Fraud Accountability This title gives specific penalties based on variant curses that may be committed and also provided protection for whistle-blowers. 9. White Collar Crime Penalty sweetener White-collar crime is punished more based on the law described here, stronger sentencing is key. 10. Corporate task Return The basic requirement here, being only one section, is that the Chief Executive Officer signs the company return.This way, the CEO cant claim that they didnt see the tax return before it was filed. 11. Corporate Fraud Accountability The SEC is granted the ability and authority to freeze an account where payments seem unusual. looking for for large or unusual transactions allows fraud to be more easily detected. Major Sections of SOX apiece of the 11 titles mentioned above are comprised of sections. Some titles only have one section but some have up to nine. In this section I will attempt to add together the five most important sections 302, 404, 409, 902 and, 906. Section 302Section 302 outlines the Corporate Responsibility for Financial Reports. It is composed of steps that are taken by the company and specifically ensuring that the CEO is very involved and informed when it comes to the financial statement process. The CEO must sign off on the financial statements and the reports when they are complete. By making the CEO the final sum to see the statements SOX is attempting to ensure that the CEO cannot claim ignorance if a fraud is committed. When the major corporate scandals were o ccurring at places like Enron, CEOs frequently claimed they had no idea what was qualifying on in their company.This section aims to piss CEOs responsible for their company reporting, a form of internal control. Section 404 Section 404 is entitle Management Assessment of Internal Controls. With the implementation of Section 404, companies are now required to include an surplus report, an Internal Control Report. The purpose of this report is for management to take responsibility for a proper internal control structure and also for management to vouch for the usefulness and accuracy of this control. If the internal controls that are in place do not suffice, the faults are required to be reported as well.Section 409 Section 409 addresses timeliness when reporting. Companies are required to disclose on almost real-time basis information concerning material changes in its financial condition or operations. This is a way, because of this legislation, for investors and people outside the company to be as informed as possible with changes inside the company. These changes may or may not be significant but, on that point is always a chance, from the perspective of an investor, that day to day decisions affect stock prices. Now, stockholders can be almost immediately aware of the changes taking place.Section 902 Section 902 falls under the white collar crime title and describes the illegality of altering, destroying, manipulating or concealing documents. The intent of the fraudster here would be to impair the objects integrity or availability for use in an official proceeding. Section 906 Section 906 also falls under the white collar crime category and specifically, the penalties that will be endured to any person that certifies a misleading or fraudulent financial report. In this section, it is stated that penalties can be up to $5 million and 20 years in prison.I believe this section is put in to make it clear that CEOs are going to be held responsible for sig ning off so, it is in their best interest to thoroughly look over statements and reports. After SOX What has Sarbanes-Oxley Accomplished & Issues that Remain The Sarbanes-Oxley had good intentions. Its goal was to restore faith in the man and to reduce company fraud. SOX has definitely restored public faith and perception. The titles and sections that SOX includes make it clear to companies and individuals outside the company that reporting standards have been increased.Because of this increase, and the penalties that are disclosed in this statute, it would be hard to believe that any person or company would risk committing a fraud. However, this only addresses the restoration or faith and confidence. Sarbanes-Oxley has not necessarily bear upon the inside the company policies and procedures. There are a number of people who scrutinize Sarbanes-Oxley for its shortcomings. Sarbanes-Oxley was intended to restore faith in the integrity of corporations and executives, yet it hasnt rea lly had a measurable impact on fraud. The new rules that were implemented under SOX simply aim to increase the CEOs awareness in what statements and reports are being published. However, when these documents are received, analyzed and signed off, there may or may not be an actual internal investigation going on to ensure the correctness of the documents. There is really no way to prove that the documents are fraud free when they reach the CEO. Conclusion The goal of this paper was to summarize the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley legislation. I discussed the titles that comprise SOX and further went into detail on the most important sections. I am not a critic of this act.I think as far as restoring public perception goes, Sarbanes-Oxley was highly successful. Also, I think this legislation changed the views of the CEOs. CEOs were now explicitly aware of their accountability when it came to reporting. This was an extremely beneficial change as, CEOs use to have the ability to claim ignorance and push the consequences master the corporate ladder. I am sure that if Congress would have taken more time when head this legislation, it could have been improved upon, but, desperate times the corporate world needed a drastic change to restore faith and help the economy.There is undoubtedly still fraud occurring and therefore this battle to end it will go on. 1 . http//www. soxlaw. com/ 2 . http//www. time. com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2021097_2023262,00. hypertext markup language 3 . http//www. nytimes. com/2002/07/31/business/corporate-conduct-the-president-bush-signs-bill-aimed-at-fraud-in-corporations. html 4 . http//c0403731. cdn. cloudfiles. rackspacecloud. com/collection/papers/1940/1940_SEC_Invst_Advisors_Act/X. pdf 5 . ttp//www. sarbanes-oxley-101. com/sarbanes-oxley-compliance. htm 6 . http//www. soxlaw. com/s302. htm 7 . http//www. sarbanes-oxley-101. com/sarbanes-oxley-compliance. htm 8 . http//www. sarbanes-oxley-101. com/sarbanes-oxley-complian ce. htm 9 . http//www. sarbanes-oxley-101. com/sarbanes-oxley-compliance. htm 10 . http//www. sarbanes-oxley-101. com/sarbanes-oxley-compliance. htm 11 . http//www. allbusiness. com/professional-services/accounting-tax-auditing/5220240-1. htmlixzz2D3ZIFMye

Belief Systems Essay

Belief systems and philosophies brook greatly moved(p) the concourse and societies where they be practiced. They give signposts on how to live their lives and affect e very case of their cultures. twain such picture systems and philosophies are Hinduism and Confucianism.Hinduism is a holiness with no founder. The the great unwashed who practice this morality moot in moksha and reincarnation. Moksha is the freedom from earthly desires and a complete grounds of the world. Reincarnation is the article of belief that people are reinnate(p) over and over again until achieving moksha. Whether or not they are born into a costly demeanor depends on their previous invigorations karma (good or bad deeds). In Hinduism, they in like manner fool a caste system. It divides people into four social classes and hardly gives any social mobility at all. great deal are decided which class they belong to at birth. For example, if a child is born into a family of slaves, that child ex it be a slave for the rest of his life.Confucianism is a philosophy started by Confucius in China. In Confucianism, the people valued education and believed in filial piety, the respect for elders. They withal believed in the hard liquor of ancestors and created the famous quote, do not do unto others, what you would not want them to do unto you.Hinduism and Confucianism greatly moved(p) the people and societies they were practiced in. In Hinduism, because of the belief in reincarnation and karma, people avoided doing bad deeds. Those who achieved moksha gained a complete understanding of the world and got rid of their desires. However, the caste systems as well introduced discrimination. People of contrastive classes were treated differently. In Confucianism, it brought a civilise education system and people respected their elders. It also alter the roles of family members. For example, the oldest males were al expressive styles considered the head the family.Therefore, it is evident that these belief systems had a tremendous impact upon the social standing and family relationships of the societies that practiced them.There are more a(prenominal) assorted religions and philosophies that exist close to the world. some(prenominal) of these belief systems fuck off deeply affected both the people and societies where theyre practiced. Two examples of these religions are Buddhism and Hinduism.Hinduism is believed to have been the oldest religion that dormant exists to this day. There is currently no cognise founder. Its a polytheistic religion that has many major beliefs, such as reincarnation and karma. According to Hindoo beliefs, what a person does in a lifetime affects what place in society that person allow for be in his or her next life. The many gods that Hindus believe in are all the faces and personalities of ane god. Moksha is a worldly understanding that Hindus strive to attain. However, its believed to occur over many lifetimes, and i s achieved through reincarnation, or rebirth.Buddhism is a polytheistic religion that is quite comparable to Hinduism. It was founded by a man named Siddhartha Gautama, or the Buddha, the savant one. Like Hindus, Buddhists believe in reincarnation and nirvana, a theory similar to moksha. They both deal with the concept of the understanding of life and the end of the cycle of reincarnation. While chaining Enlightenment, or wisdom, the Buddha founded the Four Noble Truths that evoke in order to achieve happiness and stop all suffering, one mustiness give up all worldly attachments and desires by living a life of poverty. Unlike Hinduism, however, Buddhists reject the idea of the caste system, a division of social classes. Thus, the first binders of Buddhism were essentially people who were low socially, such as laborers and commoners.As Buddhism and Hinduism became harder and harder to follow, there were many changes do. Most Buddhists found it hard to give up all of their wan ts and desires. Two groups, the Theravada and Mahayana sects, were formed. The latter had provided salvation to all who followed it, and thus it became much more popular. The Theravada sect contained the people who followed the original teachings of the Buddha. In response to the rising popularity of Buddhism, Indian art was majorly affected. Sculptures of Buddha were common to see among merchants. As for Hinduism, despite the laws that forbid the closing off of people of lower class, the caste system still thrives in Indian society. In addition, a disposition towards monotheism is currently occurring.In conclusion, the major religions of Buddhism and Hinduism have greatly affected the people and societies of the areas where theyre practiced.Belief systems and philosophies have deeply affected the world people and societies where they are practiced. Two such religions are Buddhism which started in India and Christianity which started in Rome.Buddhism was started by Siddhartha Gauta ma, also k straightn as Buddha or the enlightened one. Buddhists believe in reincarnation, or re-birth after death. They thought that this was true for all living things including animals. Buddhists also believe in giving up all self desires to help reach nirvana. This means that one cannot want anything and will then reach a state of perfect understanding and will become enlightened.The Buddhists followed the eight-fold path, or middle-way and the four noble truths. They believed that if you follow the four noble truths and the eight-fold path, you will be born again (reincarnation) and will reach nirvana. Lastly, they also believed in no social classes, so everyone was equal. This religion affected many people in many shipway. It caused Buddhists to be good and follow the cold of law. The thought of no social classes also caused many people to interchange to Buddhism causing the religion to spread as well as their ideas and practices.Another religion that greatly affected societ y is Christianity. All Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the only son of God and was born of the saturated Mary. Also, he was sent to earth to spread the word of God and Christianity. Christians follow their code of law known as the 10 commandments. The 10 commandments tell one how to be a good Christian. Christians also their obligate the Bible and go to church every Sunday. Lastly, Christianity does not believe in any social classes. They believe that all people are created equal. Christianity provided a way of life, a close, loving, personal relationship with God, and eternal life after death (one goes to heaven another belief). These three statements caused Christianity to spread and affect almost everyone in the world. Christianity is now the largest religion in the world. Christianity affected the world by spreading its ideas and influencing other religions.Many religions affected or still affect our world today. They may have affected people in their ideas, beliefs, practices, or crimson how they spread. If it wasnt for all the different religions, our entire world would be different. Belief systems and philosophies have deeply affected the people and societies where they are practiced. Two such religions are Buddhism and Christianity.BeliefsReligious beliefs and practices have been around for a very long time, affecting societies and ways of life in positive ways. Two religions, that ironically both of their founders were increase to believe in other religions, that display this are Buddhism and Christianity.Starting with Buddhism, it was founded by Siddartha Gautama in India who was actually born Hindu. This is why Hinduism and Buddhism share a few common beliefs. One belief from Buddhism is the eightfold path. This is a stringline of how to live and act in daily life in order to achieve another belief, enlightenment. Nirvana is reached when you are released of all selfishness and worldly possessions. It is a state of understanding and hap piness. They also, like Hinduism, believe in Karma which is what goes around comes around. Basically if you are bad it will come back at you. People who practice Buddhism are very peaceful and sometimes meditate. They live with harmony in hopes of achieving Nirvana and being reincarnated into a good next life.Like Buddhism, Christianitys founder was not born Christian. The founder, Jesus Christ, was born Jewish in Israel. He is believed by all Christians to be the son of God. Christians are monotheistic, they believe in their one god, who is coincidentally named God. They believe in the 10 commandments, which, like the eightfold path, is a guideline for Christians to follow so the will go to the Golden Gate of Heaven. In Christianity, you must confess your sins so that you can be forgiven by God, because he forgives all. Christians live their lives doing good deeds, studying the Bible, and trying their best to follow the commandments. Christianity and Buddhism are actually similar a ll religions are.Whether by guideline, language, place of origin, or beliefs they share in common goals. However, every single religion is alike in one way they believe. Whether in one god or a hundred, they do believe and have faith that there is more than just this one life.Test Essay- Belief SystemsReligions were and still are a major issue. Religion allows people to live better lives. It always affects the people or society in one way or another. Two of these major religions are Buddhism and Islam.Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Guatama (Buddha) has many beliefs. One of them is the Four Noble Truths, which states that the reasons for pain and suffering in the world are peoples selfish desires. One must give up all desires, through the assistance of the eight-fold raceway. By following the Eightfold Path, one can achieve nirvana, wisdom and union with the Creator. Some of the aspects are discipline conduct, views, and concentration. Buddhism rejects the caste system. They beli eve in reincarnation, life after death. Buddhism definitely affected people. It allows people to be happy, non-violent, and tolerant. Buddhism also created monks and nuns. These people must learn to beg so that they could learn humility. They must live a life of poverty, and cant marry.Islam was founded by Muhammad. Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last prophet. Their major god and only god is Allah. They also believe in the Five Pillars. This includes complete faith and trust in Allah, fasting, praying five times a day, almsgiving, and pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. The Five Pillars can be compared to the Eightfold Path in the way it provides guidelines to achieve union with the Creator. Their holy book is the Quran, which gives them rules and regulations for moral conduct and behavior. Islam affects the people. Muslims must follow all Five Pillars to live right and go to heaven. They must follow the guidelines of the Quran. They must also celebrate Ramadan a nd fast. Religion is a major part of peoples lives.There are many different religions in the world today. Our religion basically makes us who we are.Belief systems and philosophies have deeply affected the people and societies where they are practiced. Buddhism and Judaism are only two of such belief systems that have made impacts on people. These religions not only affected the people in the religion, but their entire society.Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama- the Buddha. It is said that he had enlightenment and found out the cause of all suffering. This answer is called the Four Noble Truths. Essentially, Buddha said that the way to end all suffering is to detach from all selfish desires. The way to do this is to follow the Eight-Fold Path and the Middle Way mid-way between self- denial and selfishness.This way, followers reach nirvana- a state of total understanding. People who follow Buddhism dont recognize a caste system- so everyone is equal, unlike Hinduism- where B uddhism is derived from which had people called untouchables who were considered unclean. Buddhism influenced the arts on the Silk Road Trade Routes. Statues of Buddha were placed along the roads and a lot of people larn about Buddhism while on these trade routes.Judaism was founded by Abraham- the father of the Hebrews. They are monotheistic and believe in God- Yahweh. It is written in the Torah- the Jews sacred scripture- that Yahweh directly spoke to Moses and gave a set of laws called the Ten Commandments, which are to guide the Jews to live a good life. Yahweh also accomplished a covenant with his people, He would love and protect them and in return, they will follow his laws. Jews celebrated Passover to commemorate their freedom from slavery in Egypt and when God bear on their first born child. Jews, as a part of their laws, have to eat kosher foods. They cant eat certain meats or mix certain foods together. Judaism was the first monotheistic religion to be established a nd laid the foundations for later monotheistic religions like Christianity and Islam.Judaism and Buddhism both had impacts on people and society in different ways. Either by laying foundations for future religions or being a place of relief for outcasts, they made a big impact.Belief SystemsThroughout history, there have been many belief systems and philosophies. Some have died out, or become unpopular, such as many Greek polytheistic religions in the past. Others, such as Confucianism and Judaism, have lived on and affected the lives of many. Confucianism is a philosophy started by a wise teacher, Confucius, in China. By teaching his theories and ways, this philosophy came to conquer many peoples beliefs. Confucians believe greatly in familial respect, or the respect in families, especially for elders. Education was also greatly valued. They believed education and respect could greatly influence social order. With the social order gained, a strong government can be developed. Judai sm, on the other hand, was a religion. It was said to be Abraham who started this religion. Jews believe in the concept of monotheism, or the belief in one God. In this case, their God is a loving god. Through their God, the Ten Commandments were given to them to follow.They based their ways of life on the Torah, in which concepts such as the Sabbath, and kosher foods, were also based on. These two belief systems had a strong worldwide hold on people. Confucianism became a major philosophy among many Asiatic countries, such as Taiwan and China. Great respect and education is still extremely important in daily life. There is even a Teachers Day to honor Confucius. Judaism also had a preserved effect on people. Judaism laid the first foundations for other religions, such as Christianity and Islam. They, too, believe in only one God. Unlike Confucianism, however, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, are spread all throughout the world. Now, history has moved on. Many ideas, cultures, and religions have risen and fallen. The concepts of Confucianism and Judaism, on the other hand, are still spreading and affecting the lives of many.

Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 12

I backsidet believe you donjon coming back, Dante t venerable me when I showed up at his shop the next day. To no superstars surprise, the deposit was empty.Me either, I admitted. I n incessantly felt welcome here, yet I didnt smack I had anywhere else to go. How do you stay in business?Beats me. I dont suppose youre here to give me the better(p) night of my life? You missed your El Gaucho chance, though.Im here because I had a nonher r constantlyie.Youre using me, succubus. He sighed and sit down down at the chintzy table. Okay. soften it to me.Settling down across from him, I recapped the latest dream events.Not really much in the way of new developments, he pointed tabu subsequentlyward. You got, like, thirty more than seconds of plot.Does it mean anything?Hell if I know.I narrowed my eyes. You be the worst dream vocalization ever.Nah. He rested his chin in his hand, elbow propped on the table. His expression was typi ringy lazy. Im a very well be occupyd interpret er. at that places nothing to interpret in your dream, though, unless its just your subconscious lamenting your infertility. Which is likely. It also suggests you have bad appreciation in music. Is Sweet Home Alabama really playing to each one time?Now I sighed.The dreams distinctly arent prophetic either since we know its impossible for you to have a kid. He drummed his fingers on the table, face thoughtful. You for sure you might not adopt or whatsoeverthing?She was mine, I verbalize firmly. My own flesh and blood. I could feel it.Okay. Far be it from me to argue delusional maternal instincts. further like I said, it doesnt really matter. The content, I mean. What matters here, I guess, is the energy loss.I could have hugged him. Finally, soulfulness fucking thinks thats important.Its a pattern now. Cant really shoot it on anomaly anymore.So whats it mean?You sure you extremity the opinion of the worst dream interpreter ever?Good grief Get on with it.If you were hu huma n being, Id say without a doubt that you were being preyed on.I flinched. What? What do you mean?He reached across the table and caught my hand, flipping it all over absentmindedly while he thought. I was too caught on the word preyed to care about him touching me. Little Kaylas words popped into my head.Theyre monsters. They swoop in the lineage and go in populations dreams.You and I both know there are plenty of marvelous beings walking the world. Some walk the dreamworld and dont really have humans best intentions at heart. Not that you do either. And honestly, some arent too different from you. They crave human life and energy, and they can suck it out of dreams. besides they cant do that to me?Mmm. He let go of my hand. I dont see how. You dont make your own energy. You steatimel it too. that who knows?I shivered. The idea of some creature some parasitic creature latching on and sucking out my life made me ill. I was fully aware of the hypocrisy, however, seeing as I did the exact aforesaid(prenominal) thing all the time.Sowhat kind of creature might be capable of doing that?Dunno. Not my specialty.But youre a dream expert Shouldnt you know about dreamcreatures?Supernatural creatures are Eriks thing, not mine. You should deal him.Youre the worst dream interpreter ever.So I hear. His earlier skilfulness flitted away. Soare we tone ending away to have sex now?I stood up. No Of course not.Dante threw his hands up. What more do you want? I actually gave you useful information this time. And its not like you couldnt use the fix small or no.Its more than that, I said. Suddenly, I hesitated. II know you now.Whats that supposed to mean?If you were some anonymous guy, there might be a chance. But now youre like a comrade wasnt quite the word I was hanging for. an acquaintance.He appeared genuinely baffled for in one case. It was almost amusing. Im really not following this, succubus.Ive got a boyfriend, remember? When I have anonymous, casual sex, i ts not really cheating. But if I do it with someoneyou like? Was it my imagination, or was there something hopeful in his eyes when he asked that?No, I dont think I like you. But I dont exactly dislike you either. The point is, you arent anonymous. It would be cheating.He stared at me for several moments, and whatever glimmer of hope I thought Id seen was definitely gone. No investigate succubi are so good at passing as human women. Youve certainly got the head games and issue lack of rationality down.Ive got to go.You always have to go. Where to now? Some anonymous guy?I rose. No, Im going to find Erik and see if he can actually give me useful information.I did give you useful informationDebatable.Well, let me lock up, and well see what Lancaster has to say.I froze. What do you mean we?Dante grabbed some keys from behind the counter. Youve piqued my curiosity. I want to see how this turns out. Besides, you owe me for my help, seeing as you wont put out.Help, indeed, I muttered.He walked to the door with me. Did it ever occur to you that in spite of how unuseful you think I am, Im clam up kind of concerned about what happens to you?No, I said. It actually hadnt.But I let him go with me over to Arcana, Ltd. When we stepped inside, we found Erik unpacking a box of books. He smiled without looking up, having mavind me.Miss Kincaid, always a He stopped when he noticed Dante. For the graduation time in our friendship, I saw Erik look angry. It was disturbing. Frightening, even. Mr. Moriarty.Dante nodded his greeting. Always nice to see you.The expression on Eriks face showed the touch sensations werent mutual. He straightened up from his work and walked over to the counter. Crossing his arms over his office, he peered at both of us.What can I do for you? No cordial host or tea chats today. The air between the two men suddenly felt thick and oppressive.I spoke uncertainly. Wethat is, Dante thinks he has an behave to my dream problems.Dante laughed, wearing his trademark smirk. If he bore Erik the same animosity, he was hiding it well. I wouldnt call it an answer, succubus. More like a theory.Ive had the dream again, I told Erik. More than once now. And I still keep losing my energy. Dante says it could be some kind ofdream creature preying on me. I stumbled over the words. The concept was still too ludicrous. But he didnt know what kind. He said you might know.Erik shifted his eyes from Dante to me. I could put forward the old man was still unhappy about us being there together, just he cared about me too much and couldnt stop himself from helping me. I wondered at what point over the eld I had earned such regard. And how. He sighed and gestured us to the table. We all sat down, but no tea was offered.Something like that going after a succubus is hard to imagine, Erik said at last.Thats what I thought, said Dante.His lighthearted mask had slipped a little. He looked much as he had in the store, thoughtful and curious. He reminded me of a mechanical engineer Id once known. The guy couldnt help himself when it came to fixing some technical problem. Give him something in pieces, and he had to analyze it and figure it out. Dante might give me a hard time, but his nature, depress or not, couldnt stay away from this.Eriks eyes canvass me, hard and intent. I was an intriguing puzzle for him too.If I had to pickId say the symptoms most match Oneroi.Id comprehend of them. Theyd been in the Greek myths Id grown up with. vision spirits?Dante considered. More than spirits. Theyre the children of Nyx and Erebus.I shuddered. Id heard of them too. Nyx and Erebus. Night and Darkness. Primordial entities of chaos. They were powerful and dangerous. The world had been born of chaos, true, but it was also a fact even science agreed that the universe was always trying to go back toward chaos. Nyx and Erebus were destructive so much so that they were now locked away, lest they tear the world apart. The possibility that th eir children could be sucking away my life made me feel sick again.Dante was still turning this theory over in his head. Yeah, thatd be the nighst. But they still dont match one hundred percent.Nothing does, admitted Erik. Ive never heard of anything attacking a succubus.What do Oneroi do exactly? I asked.The two men exchanged glances, each waiting for the opposite to explain. Erik was the one who stepped up.They visit mortals in their dreams and feed off the emotions such dreams stir up. Victims of Oneroi shake up up drained and sick. More irony. Legend said that succubi visited men in their dreams too and took their life.Thats whats happening to me, I argued. Why couldnt it be them?It could be them, agreed Dante, but like we said, the details dont fit. Oneroi can seize dominate and shape what you dream. But the dreams they stir up are ordinarily nightmares. Fear and other dark emotions turn tail to be more intense they offer more for the Oneroi to feed off of. Your dreams a re short, and theyrefluffy.Fluffy?Well, I dont know. Not nightmares. Theyre intriguing to you. They bring out emotions fascinated, happy emotions. Theyre giving you visceral reactions, I suppose, but not the type that the Oneroi usually go after.And, continued Erik, theres also the fact that you arent an ideal choice for them. Youre inefficient. Youre a conduit, a link to the mortal world and their energy. If Oneroi are stealing from you, they have to wait for you to get your power from someone else first. Far simpler for them to take directly from a human.I suddenly realized Id forgotten something. One other weird thing happenedmore than the energy loss I explained about waking up feeling cold and pixilated.I guess thats kind of weird, said Dante, but I dont know that its really connect to this.Well, except later that day, I read this article about a guy who went crazy and time-tested to swim across the Sound. He thought it would help his family and it did because he drowned a nd they got his insurance money. When I read the article, the wet and cold feeling came back. It was likefor a second, I was him. I felt exactly what hed felt. Like I was drowning too.Empathy, said Dante. You read it and imagined what it must be like.No. I frowned, trying to bring the feeling back. II felt him. I knew it was him I was feeling. That guy. The same way I knew the girl was my daughter. It was in my gut.Dante looked annoyed. Would have been helpful to know this earlier.I forgot. I didnt really see it as relevant until now.Have you ever had anything like this happen before? Knowledge of something you didnt experience?I dont think so.Erik glanced at Dante. Clairvoyance?I dont know. Unlikely. Too many variables. None of them mesh. Dante turned his gaze back on me. Have you communicationed to your own people about this?I shook my head. Jeromes been gone. I mentioned the first dream before he left, but he didnt seem very concerned.Well, I dont know what to make of it, Dante said.Nor I, said Erik kindly. But I will look into this for you.Thanks, I told him. I really appreciate it.We stood up, and like that, the momentary truce between Erik and Dante vanished. Erik looked stormy once more. Dante appeared smug and condescending.Miss Kincaid, Erik began stiffly. You know I have nothing but the highest regard for you, and I am more than happy to assist you in any way you need. I also recognize that Mr. Moriarty can also offer you help. But I would prefer it ifif you dont bring me around anymore, finished Dante. He saluted. Noted, old man. Meet you at the car, succubus. He turned and walked out of the shop.Eriks mood didnt vanish with Dantes departure. I could still sense the fury radiating from him. Erik had said Dante was corrupt, but really, so was I. Erik didnt have this kind of reaction around me. There was something I was missing here.Im sorry, I told Erik. I didnt know it would bother you so much.You couldnt have known, he replied wearily. And after a ll, I was the one who directed you to him.Ill keep him away, I promised.I thanked him again and went out to meet Dante. He leaned against my car, his thoughts obscured by a lazy smile.Why does Erik hate you so much? I asked.Dante glanced down at me. Because Im a bad man who does bad things.Theres more to it than that, I said. And you dont seem that bad. The worst things youve done are trick customers and offer useless information. Althoughwell, you actually were pretty helpful just now. But like I said, I dont think youre as bad as your reputation implies.How would you know?I shrugged. Instinct.In one swift motion, Dante snaked his hand behind my neck and pulled me to him. I put a hand on his chest and started to push him away and then stopped. There was a warmth in his body, the eagerness of a man whod been deprived of something for a very long time. To my surprise, I felt arousal burning in me a yearning of my own to touch someone who wasnt all business. I experienced that feelin g a lot, and it usually got me into trouble. My succubus nature woke up, wondering if energy might be on its way.And despite my lofty talk earlier about not sleeping with people I was acquainted with, I suddenly cute him to kiss me. I wanted his energy just a taste.His mouth moved toward mine. I started to close my eyes and part my lips then, abruptly, he stiffened. Releasing me, he stepped back. I opened my eyes, staring in astonishment.What the netherworld? I asked. You backed off. And after all the grief youve given me about sleeping with you.Youre drained and hungry, succubus, he said. Itd be like taking advantage of a drunk girl.Right. And youve never done anything like that.Yeah, well, Im not eighteen anymore. He opened the car door. Are we going or not?I studied him a bit longer, thinking again I saw that hope and compassion from earlier. I was starting line to wonder if a lot of his cattiness was just bravado, hiding the same insecurities everyone in the world had. I ke pt my psychoanalysis to myself, however, and joined him in the car. We drove back to his shop, our usual flippant banter obscuring anything serious that might have happened.